Identification of Business Management, Marketing Patterns, and Bali Cattle Population in Tani Bhakti Village, East Kalimantan

Abstract

Bali cattle constitute an important indigenous genetic resource that contributes to food security, rural household income, and the socio-economic resilience of farming communities. In East Kalimantan, the population of Bali cattle increased by 4% in 2023. The sector continues to face persistent structural challenges, particularly weak business management, dependence on conventional marketing systems, and inefficiencies in herd population management. This study examined business management practices, marketing patterns, and population dynamics of smallholder Bali cattle farming in Tani Bhakti Village, Loa Janan District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan. Primary data were obtained through direct observation and structured interviews with 20 farmers selected by census, and secondary data were collected from government reports, statistical publications, and relevant academic literature. A descriptive qualitative approach was applied, and results were analyzed and presented in tabular and narrative forms. The findings reveal that most farmers rely on traditional rearing and feeding practices. At the same time, intermediary-based marketing channels dominate cattle transactions, reducing farmers’ bargaining power and profit margins. Moreover, reproductive performance remains low, and feed quality does not meet optimal nutritional standards, constraining productivity and herd sustainability. These conditions underscore the urgent need for technological innovation in farm management, the development of structured and digitally oriented marketing systems, and improvements in reproductive management and feed practices. The results provide empirical evidence to support the design of adaptive, inclusive, and sustainable livestock development policies that enhance the competitiveness and long-term viability of rural Bali cattle farming in East Kalimantan.